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Need for water-from-air technologies stated by University of Illinois researchers

16/12/2022

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​Peer-reviewed articles, even about water resources, can be a dry read. But not so for the recently published Open Access article, Increasing freshwater supply to sustainably address global water security at scale. Let me share four excerpts from the paper to inspire and energize us in the water-from-air community. The excerpts show we do indeed have a crucial role in improving access to drinking water.

- "...reducing and managing [water] demand are proving inadequate as population and economic growth quickly absorb any capacity that is created through these measures."
- "Recycling and reuse of water...have limited scalability because they are fundamentally constrained by the available supply."
- "Effective solutions to increase the [fresh water] supply are at present limited, or they are practically non-existent since all resources are being exploited beyond sustainable capacity or rapidly dwindling due to climate change."
- "Desalination is not only energy intensive; it also creates concentrated brine and other byproducts that create significant environmental challenges with the cost of disposal."


The authors proceed to outline their proposal for a system for siting water vapor collection systems above the surface of the ocean and then transporting the vapor to condensation systems on the nearby shore. They discuss the water vapor resource, the insignificant impact of climate change on viability of their system, the negligible environmental impact, and the financial feasibility. The research trio also claim their ocean-based system will benefit from a higher moisture flux compared to land-based water-from-air installations.

The merits of the system outlined in the article remain to be validated but the important learnings from the article for those of us in the water-from-air industry are the quotations about the continuing inability of conventional water resources to provide global water security---thus giving incentive to our industry leadership to continue working diligently to prove the value of developing and commercializing water-from-air technologies.

Reference
Rahman, A., Kumar, P. & Dominguez, F. (2022). Increasing freshwater supply to sustainably address global water security at scale. Sci Rep 12, 20262 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24314-2. This is an Open Access article.
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Another #Water Resource for #Caribbean Countries: Water-from-Air

9/9/2014

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I have the privilege of being accepted as one of the presenters during the Technical Sessions at the 23rd Annual Caribbean Water and Wastewater Association (CWWA) Conference and Exhibition scheduled for October 6-10, 2014 at Atlantis Resorts on Paradise Island, Bahamas. Here is the Abstract of my paper:

Regional droughts in the Caribbean are common. Water managers seeking solutions to water scarcity are often unfamiliar with the option of using water-from-air technology. Maps of the specific humidity composite mean for Junes and Decembers during the ten-year period 2004–2013 quantify the water-from-air resource demonstrating it is suitable for operation of water-from-air systems in Caribbean countries. Quantitative investigations by the author found droughts and long-term climate change do not appear to affect the magnitude of the Caribbean region’s water-from-air resource. Case studies include one for a proposed water-from-air commercial greenhouse on Grand Turk. Another case is about the experience of commissioning a 2500 L/d water-from-air machine in Belize City. Lessons learned from the case studies are outlined.
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#CaDrought and the Water-from-Air System Hourly Analysis Model

6/3/2014

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A Water-from-Air System Hourly Analysis Model for San Francisco, California is available as a free download on the Atmoswater Research website. During the prevailing California Drought, seventeen rural communities were identified by the California Department of Public Health as having "drinking water systems at greatest risk". Two of the affected counties, Sonoma and Santa Cruz are adjacent north and south respectively to San Francisco. Therefore, it is interesting to take a tour through the San Francisco hourly analysis model to see what it can tell us about the feasibility of using water-from-air machines (atmospheric water generators) as alternative or additional water resources in drought affected communities in Sonoma and Santa Cruz.
Tour Stop 1
Water-from-Air System Hourly Analysis Model (cover)
Tour Stop 1: Input values include the water-from-air machine's water production rate at a specific combination of temperature and relative humidity. The chilled surface temperature is also used as a model input value. (Click to enlarge)
Tour Stop 2
Daily Water Production
Tour Stop 2: Daily Water Production graph with an interpretation of the modeled result, (Click to enlarge)
Tour Stop 3
Daily Average Water Production by Month
Tour Stop 3: Daily Average Water Production by Month with an interpretation of the modeled result. In a water crisis situation, each person needs 5 L/day of drinking water. Total daily water demand per person to take care of their drinking, cooking, sanitation, and bathing needs is typically 50 L/day. (Click to enlarge)
Tour Stop 4
Hourly Water Production Rate Annual Frequency Distribution
Tour Stop 4: Hourly Production Rate Annual Frequency Distribution with an interpretation of the modeled result. (Click to enlarge)
Tour Stop 5
Output data
Tour Stop 5: With an average daily water production of 703 L/d, one machine could serve 14 people at the 50 L/d level or 140 people at the minimal 5 L/d level of drinking water consumption. Water storage is needed to distribute the annual water production evenly over the year. Several machines can be distributed throughout a region to serve larger populations. Water-from-air is a unique decentralized way of obtaining water. It is not absolutely necessary to think of a central water production hub. The machines can be placed where they are needed.
Tour Stop 6
Core of model
Tour Stop 6: The core of the model with hourly input and output values. (Click to enlarge)
Tour Stop 7
Daily Water Production table excerpt
Tour Stop 7: This is an excerpt from the daily water production table that is generated from the hourly weather data. The hourly air temperature, relative humidity, and air pressure values enabled calculation of the hourly water vapour density (the water resource).
Tour Stop 8
Diurnal Water Production - March 21
Diurnal Water Production - June 21
Diurnal Water Production - Sept 23
Diurnal Water Production - Dec 28
Tour Stop 8: In San Francisco, the diurnal regime of the water-from-air resource is somewhat variable with the seasons. (Click on images to enlarge them)
I hope you found this tour interesting!  The entire model output consists of 120 pages. Becoming familiar with how a water-from-air machine responds with its freshwater production to the hourly weather at a site is a unique experience that really helps make sound decisions about whether or not to use these machines in various drought situations.

The San Francisco model shown here used weather data from 1993 because that was available as a free sample from a weather data vendor. Given the realities of climate change it would be interesting to run the model with 2013 data.

I can run models for key drought locations in California. The price per model run report is [ask for quote] (USD). Please allow up to five business days for delivery as a PDF download.
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Article: Water-from-Air Technologies Can Help Solve Drinking #Water Scarcities

13/2/2014

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Picture: Screen shot of Water Online Article--Water-from-Air Technologies Can Help Solve Drinking Water ScarcitiesClick on image to read the article.
Abstract from my article published February 11, 2014 on Water Online:

Quantifying the water-from-air resource enables targeting selected cities where installing strategically located stand-alone processors of atmospheric water vapor will have the quickest, most beneficial impact for people facing water scarcities.

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Water and running out of #water?

13/9/2013

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Today, I have a guest post from Walter Wallie Ivison, Director and CEO of World Environmental Solutions, Australia. As usual, Atmoswater Research is not responsible for the contents of external links.
While most of us accept water in a similar way to the air we breathe, water still remains one of the concerns for most of the world's population illustrated by the number of hits on Google these days on ways to get water; 300,000 a month on water from the atmosphere is a good example.  As we continue to pollute our waters, less fresh water is becoming available for us to drink. More rivers, lakes, and underground aquifers are drying up as the years pass. As bodies of water around the world continue to dry up, we’re seeing more drought conditions spread. There are dust storms in places which have never experienced them until now. As time flows, the amount of agricultural land shrinks, and deserts are growing.

Here are some of the signs of an upcoming global water crisis and some links you may be interested in reading.  

#1 It is being projected that by the year 2030, global demand for water will be 40 percent higher than it is today.

#2 Worldwide demand for fresh water tripled during the last century, and is now doubling every 21 years.

#3 According to USAID, one-third of the population of the earth will be facing severe or chronic water shortages by the year 2025.

#4 Of the 60 million people added to the world’s cities every year, the vast majority of them live in impoverished areas that have no sanitation facilities whatsoever.

#5 It is estimated that 75 percent of the surface water in India is now contaminated by human and agricultural waste.

#6 If you can believe it, according to a UN study on sanitation, far more people in India have access to a cell phone than to a toilet.

#7 In the developing world, 90 percent of all wastewater is discharged completely untreated into local rivers, streams or lakes.

#8 Every 8 seconds, somewhere in the world a child dies from drinking dirty water.

#9 Due to a lack of water, Saudi Arabia has given up on trying to grow wheat and will be 100 percent dependent on wheat imports by the year 2016.

#10 In northern China, the water table is dropping one meter every single year because of drought and overpumping.

#11 Incredibly, a new desert the size of Rhode Island is created in China every single year because of drought and overpumping.

#12 In China, 80 percent of all major rivers have become so horribly polluted that they do not support any aquatic life at all at this point.

#13 Collectively, the women of South Africa walk the equivalent of the distance to the moon and back 16 times a day just to get water.

Here at World Environmental Solutions we continue to pursue clean energy and water from the atmosphere. Our ability to make water from a variety of sources free is the cutting edge of this technology exclusive to WES.

Walter Wallie Ivison, Director and CEO World Environmental Solutions Pty Ltd. www.wesolutions.com.au
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    Roland Wahlgren

    I have been researching and developing drinking-water-from-air technologies since 1984. As a physical geographer, I strive to contribute an accurate, scientific point-of-view to the field.

    Discover previous interesting and informative scientific/technical posts by clicking "<<Previous" at the bottom of each page!

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