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#Water-from-Air Resource charts backstory

30/9/2013

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Picture: Measuring water productionMeasuring water production from an AWG in Belize
While helping a client commercialize water-from-air systems, I got frequent questions about how well atmospheric water generators would perform at various locations around the world. A common misconception was that relative humidity values told the whole story. Higher humidity means more water in the air and better water production. Right? Not really!

The water vapour content of the air, sometimes referred to as "absolute humidity", has the proper scientific name "water vapour density" with units of [grams of water vapour per cubic metre of air]. The water vapour density depends on three measures all at the same time: the air's dry bulb temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure.

Monthly average climate data for air temperature (dry bulb) and relative humidity is fairly easy to obtain for many places. Average air pressure at a location can be estimated knowing the site's altitude above sea level. Using well-known formulas used in the heating, ventilation, air-conditioning field (HVAC) the average monthly water vapour density can be calculated.

Once water vapour density was known, I could use information about the airflow (in units of cfm or cubic feet per minute) through my client's machines to estimate water production of various designs. The focus on water production was fine for a manufacturer and its customers.

Later, as an independent consultant, potentially dealing with end-users of atmospheric water generators having all sorts of different specifications for airflow I decided it was better to focus on the actual water vapour resource to make charts of wider usefulness.To make it easier to compare how good a site is for atmospheric water generators I had the idea of indexing the water vapour density by dividing the density values by the water vapour density 15.3 g/cubic metre which is the density at the standard measurement conditions of 26.7°C air temperature; 60 % relative humidity. When the water-from-air resource monthly index = 1.00, the expected drinking water production rate from an atmospheric water generator (AWG) at the site should be the same as the machine's specified water-from-air production rate. I gave the Water-from-Air Resource (WFAR) annual index grades (Excellent: Index is greater than or equal to 1.00; Good: Index range 0.76 to 0.99; Fair: Index range 0.51 to 0.75; and Poor: Index range is less than or equal to 0.5) and assigned colours to make it easier to interpret the charts.

A lot of information about a site, all relevant to using water-from-air systems is packaged onto the 8.5 inch x 11 inch landscape format of the charts!
  • Geographic coordinates and elevation;
  • Monthly average temperature, humidity, pressure, and dew-point;
  • Monthly average water vapour density;
  • Monthly average maximum mechanical dehumidification efficiency;
  • Graph to visualize how temperature, humidity, dew-point, and efficiency vary together by month;
  • Graph to visualize and compare monthly average water vapour density with water vapour density at standard conditions;
  • Summary of the analysis, identifying the climate zone and expected atmospheric water generator performance for various periods during a year; and
  • Annual index to compare the water-from-air resource between locations
After a bit of experience using the charts my clients discover some of their business stress evaporates! Here's why:
  • They don't have to spend their own time and resources responding to ongoing questions about how good or bad a place is for operating water-from-air systems. This gives just a bit extra time for concentrating on growing their business and profits;
  • Risk reduction by understanding the characteristics of the water-from-air resource at a site. Why alienate their customer by selling them a machine that might only work properly a couple of months of the year at a site? Better to forgo that sale and focus on sites where the machine return on investment is more favourable;
  • The charts make their business more valuable—they become more of an expert at what they do;
  • They find it easier to achieve sales targets because quantitative information, rather than a guesstimate is available; and
  • Surprises are removed with having solid quantitative knowledge about the water-from-air resource at sites.

Picture: Example of a Water-from-Air Resource Chart
Water-from-Air Resource Chart for Praia, Cape Verde (click to enlarge).
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Guarantee of satisfaction for #WaterFromAir "knowledge-products"

19/9/2013

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Atmoswater Research now has a formal policy of guaranteeing satisfaction with our "knowledge-products". If your are not satisfied with your purchase, please e-mail Roland Wahlgren. A brief explanation is appreciated of why you would like a refund. This helps improve our services to you. Your payment will be refunded, usually within 2 to 3 business days. You will be asked to delete the goods from your storage media.
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Water and running out of #water?

13/9/2013

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Today, I have a guest post from Walter Wallie Ivison, Director and CEO of World Environmental Solutions, Australia. As usual, Atmoswater Research is not responsible for the contents of external links.
While most of us accept water in a similar way to the air we breathe, water still remains one of the concerns for most of the world's population illustrated by the number of hits on Google these days on ways to get water; 300,000 a month on water from the atmosphere is a good example.  As we continue to pollute our waters, less fresh water is becoming available for us to drink. More rivers, lakes, and underground aquifers are drying up as the years pass. As bodies of water around the world continue to dry up, we’re seeing more drought conditions spread. There are dust storms in places which have never experienced them until now. As time flows, the amount of agricultural land shrinks, and deserts are growing.

Here are some of the signs of an upcoming global water crisis and some links you may be interested in reading.  

#1 It is being projected that by the year 2030, global demand for water will be 40 percent higher than it is today.

#2 Worldwide demand for fresh water tripled during the last century, and is now doubling every 21 years.

#3 According to USAID, one-third of the population of the earth will be facing severe or chronic water shortages by the year 2025.

#4 Of the 60 million people added to the world’s cities every year, the vast majority of them live in impoverished areas that have no sanitation facilities whatsoever.

#5 It is estimated that 75 percent of the surface water in India is now contaminated by human and agricultural waste.

#6 If you can believe it, according to a UN study on sanitation, far more people in India have access to a cell phone than to a toilet.

#7 In the developing world, 90 percent of all wastewater is discharged completely untreated into local rivers, streams or lakes.

#8 Every 8 seconds, somewhere in the world a child dies from drinking dirty water.

#9 Due to a lack of water, Saudi Arabia has given up on trying to grow wheat and will be 100 percent dependent on wheat imports by the year 2016.

#10 In northern China, the water table is dropping one meter every single year because of drought and overpumping.

#11 Incredibly, a new desert the size of Rhode Island is created in China every single year because of drought and overpumping.

#12 In China, 80 percent of all major rivers have become so horribly polluted that they do not support any aquatic life at all at this point.

#13 Collectively, the women of South Africa walk the equivalent of the distance to the moon and back 16 times a day just to get water.

Here at World Environmental Solutions we continue to pursue clean energy and water from the atmosphere. Our ability to make water from a variety of sources free is the cutting edge of this technology exclusive to WES.

Walter Wallie Ivison, Director and CEO World Environmental Solutions Pty Ltd. www.wesolutions.com.au
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    Roland Wahlgren

    I have been researching and developing drinking-water-from-air technologies since 1984. As a physical geographer, I strive to contribute an accurate, scientific point-of-view to the field.

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